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How Twin-clutch Transmission Works (DSG)

The dual-clutch transmission, also known as the Direct Shift Gearbox (DSG) or twin-clutch transmission, is an automated transmission that can change gears faster than any other geared transmission. Dual clutch transmissions deliver more power and better control than conventional automatic transmission and faster performance than manual transmission. Originally marketed by Volkswagen as the DSG and Audi as the S-Tronic, dual-clutch transmissions are now offered by several automakers, including Ford, Mitsubishi, Smart, Hyundai and Porsche.

DRIVING A CAR WITH A TWIN-CLUTCH / DSG TRANSMISSION.
Twin-clutch equipped cars do not have a clutch pedal; the clutch is engaged and disengaged automatically. The twin-clutch transmissions bridge uses an automatic-style shift selector with a traditional P-R-N-D or P-R-N-D-S (Sport) shift pattern. In "Drive" or "Sport" mode, the dual-clutch transmission operates as a regular automatic. In "Drive" mode, the transmission shifts to higher gear early in order to minimize engine noise and maximize fuel economy, while in "Sport" mode, it holds the lower gear longer to keep the engine in its powerband. Sport mode also provides more aggressive downshifts with less pedal pressures, and in some cars, engaging Sport mode causes the car to react aggressively to the pedal accelerator.
Most dual-clutch transmissions have a manual mode that allows manual shifting via the shift lever or paddles mounted on the steering wheel.
When driven in manual mode, the clutch is still operated automatically, but the driver controls which gears are selected and when. The transmission will follow the driver's commands, unless the selected gear will over-rev the engine, for example commanding the first gear while driving 80 MPH.

ADVANTAGES OF THE DUAL-CLUTCH / DSG TRANSMISSION.
The primary advantage of the twin-clutch is that it provides the same driving characteristics of a manual transmission and comes with the convenience of an automatic. However, the ability to perform near-instantaneous gearshifts gives the twin-clutch advantages over both manuals and SMTs. Volkswagen's DSG takes about 8 milliseconds to upshift. Compare that to the SMT in the Ferrari Enzo, which takes 150 milliseconds to upshift. Instant gear shifts mean faster acceleration; according to Audi, the A3 runs 0-60 in 6.9 seconds with 6-speed manual and 6.7 seconds with 6-speed DSG.

DISADVANTAGES OF THE DUAL-CLUTCH TRANSMISSION.
The main limitation of the dual-clutch transmission is the same as all the geared transmissions. The dual-clutch transmissions generally can not extract as much power or fuel economy from a engine as a continuously-driven engine, but the transmission can not always keep the engine at its best speed for maximum power or maximum fuel economy. variable automatic transmissions (CVTs). But because twin-clutch transmissions provide a more familiar driving experience than CVTs, most drivers prefer them. And while the twin-clutch provides superior performance compared to a manual, some drivers prefer the interaction that a manual clutch pedal and gearshift provide.

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